A New Ice Age Reading Answers: IELTS Reading Practice Test

A New Ice Age Reading Passage 

Paragraph A 

William Curry is a sincere, sober climate scientist, not an art critic. But, he has contributed a large amount of time to examine Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze’s prominent painting. “George Washington Crossing the Delaware”, which portrays a heap of colonial American fighters making their way to attack English and Hessian troops the day after Christmas in 1776. “Most people think of these other fellows,” says Curry, tapping his finger on a duplication of the painting. Sure sufficient, the guide oarsman is hitting the iced river with his gumboot. “I developed in philadelphia. The place in this painting is half an hour away by car. I can tell you, this kind of thing just doesn’t occur once again”. 

Paragraph B

But it may happen again soon. An ice-gag location, alike to those commemorated by the 16th-century Flemish painter Pieter Brueghel the Elder, may also return to Europe. His toils, as well as the 1565 masterpiece “Hunters in the Snow”, make the now-mild European scenery glance more like Lapland. Such bitterly cold sets were ordinary throughout a period dating violently from 1300 to 1850 since much of North America and Europe was in the agony of a small ice age. And currently there is climbing proof that the chill could go back. A flourishing number of researcher trust states are mature for another lengthen calm down, or tiny ice age. While no one is forecast a savage ice sheet like the one that protect the Northern Hemisphere with iceberg about 12,000 many moons ago, the next cooling tendency could let fall average climate 5 degrees Fahrenheit over much of the United States and 10 degrees in the Northeast, northern Europe, and northern Asia.

Paragraph C

 “It could occur in 10 years”, says Terrence Joyce, who chairs the Woods Hole Physical marineology Department. “Once it does, it may take a century to come back”. And he is frightened that Americans have so far taken the warning solemnly.

Paragraph D

A drop of 5- 10 degrees necessitate much more than clearly hit up the thermometer and convey on. Both frugal and green, such fast, tenacious chilling could have destructive results. A 2002 announcement titled “Abrupt temperature Change: unavailable shocks”, manufactured by the National Academy of Sciences, fixed the cost from farming losses alone at $ 100 billion to $250  billion, also forecasting that harm to human environments could be huge and uncountable. A stern sampler: vanishing forests, increased housing cost, diminish pure water, lower crop surrender and expedite species dying out.

Paragraph E

The cause for such an enormous result is easy. A rapid change in temperature inflicts much more interference than a slow one. People, plants, animals and the monetary that be in the control on them are like rivers; says the report: “for illustration, lofty water in a river will constitute few difficulty till the water trample on the bank, after which ridge can be rupture and huge inundate can happen. Many biotic procedures go through moves at specific entrances of climate and abrupt”.

 

Paragraph F

Political changes since the last ice age could make existence much more hard for the world’s poor. Throughout foregoing cooling times, entire ethnic groups simply gather and shift to the south, but that choice doesn’t work in the  present-day, rigid world of shut boundaries. “To the stretch that sudden temperature swap may cause quick and large swaps of chance for those who exploit  the land, the lack of ability to roam may detach one of the main welfare nets of upset people,” says the report.

Paragraph G

But  foremost. Isn’t the earth actually warming? Actually it is, says Joyce. ‘In his litter office, full of mushy lights from the misty Cloak Cod morning, he describes how such stirring could literally be the astonishing offender of the next small-ice age. The contradiction is a result of the looks over the over 30 years in the North Atlantic of immense rivers of pure water- the equal of a 10-foot-thick-layer- assorted into the saline sea. No one is unquestionable where the pure flood is coming from, but a main feel is melting Arctic ice, created by a build-up of CO2 in the aerosphere that mouths solar energy.

Paragraph H

The purewater trend is crucial news in marine-science circles. Bob Dickson, a British oceanology who resonate an fear at a February discussion in Honolulu, has called the drop in saltiness and  climate in the Labrador Sea- a loch between northeastern Canada and Greenland that abut the Atlantic- “ possibly the biggest full-depth swaps noticed in the current involved oceanology record”.

Paragraph I

The trend can create a small ice age by destabilizing the northern perforation of Gulf Stream Waters. Usually, the Gulf Stream, loaded with hot immersed in the tropics, zigzags the east seaboard of the United States and Canada. As it runs through the north side, the brook capitulates heat to the air. Since the won North Atlantic Winds gust eastward, a lot of the heat drifts to Europe. That’s why many researchers trust that the winter climate on the  mainland is 36 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than those in North America at the same latitude. Frigid Boston, for illustration, reclines at nearly exactly the same latitude as mild Rome. and Some researchers say that the heat can also heat Americans and canadians. “It’s an actual error to think of this only as a European occurrence,'' says Jouce.

Paragraph J

Possessing given up its hotness to the air, the now-cooler water converts thick and submerged into the North Atlantic by a mile or more in a procedure marineology call marine conveyor belt motion. This huge pillar of pouring cold is the chief engine powering a predicament current called the immense marine conveyor that serpent through all the world’s marines, but as the North Atlantic fills with pure water, it develops less dense, building the waters conveyed facing north side by the Gulf Stream less able to drop. The new pile of proportionate pure water sits on top of the marine like a big warm cover, menacing the point, the entire system could clearly close down, and do so fastly. “There is bigger proof that we are closer to a change point, from which we can leap to a fresh state”.

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