Raising The Mary Rose Reading Answers: IELTS Reading Practice Test

Raising The Mary Rose 

A. On 19 July 1545, English and French expeditions were busy in naval combat off the seaboard of southern England in the zone of aqua called the Solent, amid Portsmouth and the Isle of Person. 
 

B. Among the English boats was a battleship named Mary Rose. Assembled in Portsmouth some 35 years earlier, she had a vast and victorious violence profession and was beloved of King Henry VIII. Descriptions of what occurred to the craft differ: time bystanders agree that the French did not strike her; some assert that she was old-fashioned, overstuffed, and yacht too low in the water; others say that a disruptive team mismanaged her.

C. What is undoubted is that Mary Rose would be engulfed into the Solent that day, taking at least 500 men with her. After the fight, attempts were made to recuperate the boat, but these failed. 
 

D. The Mary Rose came to relax on the ocean floor, lying on her rightward at a gradient of roughly 60 degrees. The hull acted as a trap for the sand and mud conveyed by solvent flow. As an outcome, the rightward filled quickly, escaping the reveal port to be corroded by marine organisms and mechanical degradation. Because of how the ship sank, most of the rightward half survived intact. 
 

E. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the plot became protected with a coating of firm greyish clay, reducing more distant corrodes. Then, on 16 June 1836, some anglers in the Solent found that their apparatus was seized on a submarine hinder, which turned out to be the Mary Rose. Diver John Deane was travelling over one more hollowed ship nearby, and the angler accessed him, asking him to free their equipment. The administrator plunged and found the apparatus seized on wood sticking out from the foreshore. Travelling farther, he lay bare some other woods and a burnished gun. Administrators continue plunging on the plot occasionally until 1840, recuperating some more guns, two bows, numerous woods, part of a pump and numerous other tiny finds.
 

F. The Mary Rose then faded obscurely for one more centenary. But in 1965, military historian and non-professional diver Alexander Mckee, in concurrence with the British Sub-Aqua Club, began a plan called ‘Solent Ships’. While on paper, this was a scheme to inspect several familiar destructions in the Solent, what Mckee aspired for was to discover the Mary Rose. The usual hunt approach demonstrated disappointment, so Mckee infiltrated into an alliance with Harold E. Edgerton, an electrical engineering instructor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
 

G. In 1967, Edgerton’s side-scan sonar systems divulged a large, oddly formed object, which Mckee trusted was the Mary Rose. Further exhumation divulged a celestial part of the timber and an iron gun. But the peak of the working came when, on 5 May 1971, a bit of the yacht’s frame lay bare. McKee and his team now knew that they had found the wreck but were unaware that it also housed a treasure trove of beautifully preserved artefacts.
 

H. Attentiveness in the project improved, and in 1979, the  Mary Rose Trust was devised, with Prince Charles as its President and Dr Margaret Rule as its Antiquarianism Director. The resolution, even if or not to rescue the destruction, was a challenging one, while an exhumation in 1978 had shown that it might be feasible to raise the hull. While the indigenous aim was to raise the hull if practicable, the working was permitted in January 1982, when all the obligatory details were available.

I. A major factor in the attempt to rescue the Mary Rose was that the endure hull was an open carapace. This led to a significant decision to begin, specifically to carry out the raise, working in three apparent stages. The hull was attached to a lifting frame along a web of gobble and raising cords. The problem of the hull being sucked back downwards into the mud was overcome by using 12 hydraulic jacks. These raised it a few centimetres over several days as the lifting frame rose slowly up its four legs. It was only when the hull was hanging freely from the lifting frame, clear of the seabed and the suction effect of the surrounding mud, that the salvage operation progressed to the second stage. In this stage, the lifting frame was fixed to a hook attached to a crane, and the hull was lifted completely clear of the seabed and transferred underwater into the lifting cradle. This required precise positioning to locate the legs into the stabbing guides of the lifting cradle. The lifting cradle was designed to fit the hull justing archaeological survey drawings and was fitted with airbags to provide additional cushioning for the hull’s delicate timber framework. The third and final stage was to lift the entire structure into the air, by which time the hull was also supported from below. Finally, on 11 October 1982, millions worldwide held their breath as the timber skeleton of the Mary Rose was lifted clear of the water, ready to be returned home to Portsmouth.

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