Germany IELTS & English tests - Test choice

Is IELTS mandatory for Germany and Ireland? Are there alternatives like Duolingo accepted?

What is Duolingo and how does it compare to IELTS for university admissions in UK/Germany?

Is it compulsory for me to give the GRE exam in Germany/Singapore for a Master's in UAE?

Do I need to take the GMAT exam for the 2027 intake in Germany for a Master's?

Since I have not given IELTS, GMAT, or GRE exams yet, can I apply with a medium of instruction certificate from my college in Germany/France?

Do I need to go through two exams, IELTS and GMAT, for studying abroad in UK/Germany for a Master's/MBA?

What are the English proficiency test requirements, and can I use my expired PTE score in Germany/Italy for a Master's?

What are the documents and requirements for Germany APS and GMAT/BMAT exams for a Master's/Bachelor's?