What are the countries that offer good PR (permanent residency) or settlement options after studies in UK/Ireland for a PhD?

Several countries offer strong permanent residency (PR) or settlement options for international students after graduation:

- Canada: Offers a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) for up to 3 years. Canadian work experience can lead to PR through Express Entry or Provincial Nominee Programs.
- Australia: Graduates can get a Temporary Graduate Visa (Subclass 485) for 18 months to 4 years, which can lead to PR via skilled migration pathways.
- Germany: Allows graduates to stay up to 18 months to find a job. After employment, the EU Blue Card can lead to PR in 21 - 33 months.
- UK: The Graduate Route Visa allows 2 years (3 for PhD) of post-study work, leading to PR (Indefinite Leave to Remain) after 5 years of continuous work.
- Ireland: Third Level Graduate Programme permits 1 - 2 years of work post-study, with PR possible after 5 years of legal residence.
- New Zealand: Post-Study Work Visa (1 - 3 years) can transition to PR through the Skilled Migrant Category.
- France: Temporary Resident Permit (APS) for up to 24 months post-study, with PR possible after 5 years of residence.

Policies and timelines are subject to change.