Is it possible to settle long-term in the country where I study, or do I have to return to India in UK/Australia for a PhD?

Yes, both Australia and the UK offer pathways for international students to stay and potentially settle long-term after your studies.

- Australia: After graduation, you can apply for a Temporary Graduate Visa (subclass 485) to work in Australia. Gaining local work experience on this visa can improve your eligibility for permanent residency through skilled migration, which is points-based and considers factors like age, education, and work experience. Visa durations and requirements are subject to change.

- UK: You can apply for a Graduate Visa, allowing you to stay and work for up to two years (three for PhD holders). If you secure a job with an approved sponsor, you may then switch to a Skilled Worker Visa, which can eventually lead to permanent residency (Indefinite Leave to Remain). Time spent on the Graduate Visa does not count toward this residency requirement.