How many backlogs or attempts are considered by universities when evaluating my application in Ireland/New Zealand?

It depends on the country and university. Both Ireland and New Zealand consider your academic history, including backlogs (failed subjects), but their policies vary:

- Ireland: Many universities accept backlogs if they are cleared before admission. Public universities may allow up to 4 backlogs, while some private institutions may consider up to 10 - 15.
- New Zealand: Top universities generally accept fewer backlogs (ideally no more than 2 - 3), but polytechnic institutes may consider up to 8 - 10 if your overall profile is strong.

With 13 backlogs, focus on universities known for more flexible policies. A strong Statement of Purpose and relevant experience can also help your application.