How does the post-study work permit and permanent residency process work in European countries after masters in UK/Ireland for a Master's?

Most European countries offer post-study work permits (PSW) for master's graduates, which can lead to permanent residency. Key details for popular destinations:

- Germany: 18-month PSW (Job Seeker Visa) after graduation. Can transition to a work permit or EU Blue Card. Permanent residency possible after 21 - 33 months of employment, depending on language skills.
- France: 12-month PSW (APS) to find a job or start a business. After employment, switch to a work permit. Permanent residency possible after 5 years.
- Netherlands: 1-year Orientation Year visa to find skilled work. After employment, switch to a Highly Skilled Migrant permit. Permanent residency after 5 years.
- UK: 2-year Graduate Route PSW. After employment, switch to a Skilled Worker visa. Permanent residency after 5 years.
- Ireland: Up to 2-year PSW, then Critical Skills or General Employment Permit. Permanent residency after 5 years.
- Portugal: Years spent on a student visa count toward the 5-year permanent residency requirement.

Requirements like job offers, salary, and application steps vary by country and are subject to change.

If you need help comparing options or understanding the latest rules, connect with your LeapScholar counsellor.