What roles do Berufsschulen, IHK and HWK play in my Ausbildung in Germany?
Ausbildung is not run by one university. Companies provide workplace training, Berufsschulen teach the theory, IHKs cover many industry and commerce occupations, and HWKs cover many skilled craft occupations. The Federal Employment Agency offers vocational training opportunities and career guidance.
Unlike a university degree, Ausbildung is not normally provided by a single institution. Companies, Berufsschulen and the chambers all play a part, and specialised training providers may too. Knowing who does what helps you find the right route.
Who Does What
| Body | Role in Ausbildung | Typical areas |
|---|---|---|
| Company or employer | Provides the practical workplace training | Depends on the occupation |
| Berufsschulen | Provide the theoretical part of dual training | IT, business, engineering, automotive, hospitality and skilled trades |
| IHK | Responsible for many industry and commerce occupations | Business, IT, retail, hospitality and commercial occupations |
| HWK | Responsible for many skilled craft occupations | Skilled trades, technical occupations and crafts |
| Federal Employment Agency | Lists vocational training opportunities and gives career guidance | Nationwide |
How the Parts Fit Together
In dual training, you learn theory at a Berufsschule and practice at your training company. The chamber that oversees your occupation, IHK or HWK, depends on whether it is a commerce, industry or craft trade. For some occupations, other bodies such as agricultural or professional chambers can be the competent body instead of the IHK or HWK.
My Advice
Work out which chamber covers your target occupation, since that shapes your training path. Use the Federal Employment Agency for vacancy searches and guidance if you are unsure where to start.
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