Is work experience mandatory for masters applications or can internships suffice in Ireland/Germany?

It depends on the program and country. For most academic master's programs in Germany, Ireland, and Italy, work experience is not mandatory - internships or strong academic records are usually sufficient.

- Germany: Consecutive master's programs (directly after bachelor's) typically do not require work experience. Non-consecutive or professional programs (like MBAs) may require it.
- Ireland: Most master's programs do not mandate work experience, but having internships can strengthen your application, especially for competitive courses.
- Italy: Work experience is usually not required. Some programs recommend or include internships as part of the curriculum.

If you have relevant internships, they are generally valued and can support your application.