Is it possible to apply for PhD programs without having published any research papers in Germany?

Yes, you can apply for PhD programs in Germany without having published research papers. Publications are not mandatory, though they can strengthen your application.

German universities mainly assess:
- Academic qualifications: A relevant master’s degree with a strong grade (usually “Good” or above).
- Research proposal: A clear, well-defined plan for your intended doctoral project.
- Supervisor agreement: Securing a faculty member willing to supervise your research.

Demonstrating research experience through your master’s thesis or related projects is helpful but not required.