Is IELTS or PTE mandatory for Australia and Ireland?

Yes, IELTS or PTE is typically mandatory for studying in both Australia and Ireland.

- Australia: Most universities require proof of English proficiency through IELTS or PTE Academic. The minimum score depends on the course and university, but these tests are generally expected for admission.
- Ireland: Universities also usually require IELTS or PTE Academic scores to demonstrate English proficiency. Requirements can differ by institution and program.

Some universities may accept alternative qualifications or offer pre-sessional English courses if your scores are slightly below the required level.