If I want to look for countries other than Canada for a PhD, what are my options?

You have several strong options for pursuing a PhD outside Canada, each offering different program structures and funding opportunities:

- United States: 5-7 year programs with a mix of coursework and research. Many offer full funding through teaching or research assistantships, plus a post-study work option (OPT) for up to 12 months.
- United Kingdom: 3-4 year research-focused programs. Funding is available (UKRI stipends from £20,780/year for 2025/26), with tuition for international students typically £16,000 - £25,000/year.
- Germany: 3-4 year programs, often salaried research positions. Minimal administrative fees (€100 - €500/semester); net monthly salary usually €1,468 - €1,975.
- Australia: 3-4 year programs. The Research Training Program (RTP) can cover tuition and provide a stipend (AUD $32,000 - $35,000/year as of 2024). Post-study work visas are available.
- Scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland): 3-4 year salaried PhD positions, with typical salaries of €3,000 - €5,000/month and no tuition fees at public universities.
- Netherlands: 3-4 year PhD employment contracts, salary €2,541 - €3,247/month, usually no tuition fees for employed PhD candidates.

These details are subject to change.