The full form of CFT is Complement Fixation Test. It is one of the most important traditional blood serum diagnostic procedures used to identify an antibody in a person’s serum samples based on whether or not fixation exists. CFT is mostly used to diagnose illnesses. It was invented by Wasserman in 1909. It was once widely utilised in syphilis serology.
- A compliment is a globulin, a protein found in normal blood serum.
- It attaches to the immunological complex formed during the antigen-antibody response (Ag-Ab).
- The addition of the complement to the complex causes lysis of the cell in which the Ag-AB complex is formed.
- When a complement participates in antigen-antibody complexes, it is fixed or linked to the complex of antigen-antibody.
- While the complex is on bacteria, red blood cells, or other cells, the complement triggers cell lysis.
- The terminal parts of the complement damage the cell membranes in the presence of a particular antibody that binds the supplement to the cell surface.
- Because the CFT uses erythrocytes as the target cell, complementary induced cell membrane damage can be measured as a rise in free haemoglobin.
- When specific antibodies are discovered in blood serum in response to an infectious agent, a complement is attached to the Ag-Ab group, preventing any residual complement from responding with antibodies belonging to erythrocytes and so preventing hemolysis.
- The absence of hemolysis suggested the presence of specific antibodies in the blood serum.
- If hemolysis occurs, the particular antibody is not detectable in the blood serum.
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Advantages of CFT
- It can detect a large number of viral and bacterial illnesses at the same time.
- It is a cost-benefit analysis.