What is the full form of CGPA?

The full form of CGPA is Cumulative and Term Grade Point Average. On this website, you may learn more about the Cumulative Grade Point Average (also known as the Overall CGPA) and Term Grade Point Average (also known as the Term GPA). Both of these statistics are included in the University’s Academic Continuation Evaluation.

Your cumulative grade point average (CGPA) and term grade point average (GPA) is determined by dividing your grade point total by the number of credits in all your courses.

1. Verify the audit

2. Make your own calculations

3. Make use of the GPA estimator.

• Until they are eliminated by course repetition or replacement, F grades are considered for calculating the CGPA. The highest graded attempt is used when a course is repeated unless the most recent attempt received an F but had a primary passing grade.

• UNS, SAT, NR, and CR grades do not affect your cumulative grade point average (CGPA). However, the underlying letter grades are utilised for requirements and several engineering regulations.

• While courses taken at any other university (via a letter of permission or exchange) are counted toward your CGPA, they are not all credits earned through the University of Ottawa Exchange agreement.

• The calculation of your CGPA excludes courses marked as excess to the degree (ETD), no credit for the degree (NCD), forfeit, and transfer credits (TR).

Integrated Circuit is the term’s full form. It is a compact electronic device made of semiconductor material that contains numerous microscopic components, including diodes and transistors. Capacitors and resistors All these components are combined and integrated on a thin silicon sheet to form a single unit.

ICs, sometimes known as microchips or chips, are widely utilised in a variety of gadgets, including televisions, microprocessors, cars, audio and video equipment, and mobile phones. Its primary purpose was to maximise the placement of transistors on a semiconductor chip.

In 1958, Jack Kilby created the first integrated circuit or microchip. ICs have seen numerous changes over many decades, and these continual advancements have caused ICs to include more transistors and other electrical components. As a result, they can be categorised as,

• SSI (Small Scale Integration) uses 1 to 100 transistors for each IC or cube.
• MSI (Medium Scale Integration) uses 1000 to several hundred thousand transistors for every IC or cube.
• Every IC or cube has 100,000 to 1,000,000 transistors using VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration).
• ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) is an IC with millions or billions of transistors on each chip. For instance, a computer processor.

ICs can also be categorised as Analog ICs, Digital ICs, or a combination of the two.

• Compared to a discrete circuit, the size of the IC is relatively modest.
• Comparing the weight of an IC to whole discrete circuits, it is remarkably light.
• It is very trustworthy.
• Even though it is smaller, it uses less energy.
• In the event of a problem, it is easily replaceable but extremely difficult to repair.
• The differences in temperature between circuit elements are minimal.
• It is suitable for operating with a little signal.

• Only a certain amount of electricity may be handled by it.
• P-N – P It is impossible to build a high-grade chamber.
• Effectively obtaining the low-temperature coefficient is difficult.
• The maximum power dissipation is 10 watts.
• It is difficult to operate at high voltage and low noise.