Do most universities require TOEFL or IELTS scores?

Yes, most universities require proof of English language proficiency, usually through tests like TOEFL or IELTS.

- TOEFL: Typical minimum scores range from 70 - 90 for undergraduate programs and 90+ for competitive graduate programs. - IELTS: Most universities require an overall band score of 6.0 - 6.5 for undergraduates and higher (often 7.0 or above) for top graduate programs.

Some universities may offer conditional admission or accept alternative proof, such as a Medium of Instruction certificate. Requirements vary by university and program.