Can my spouse, who is working as a pharmacist, also apply for a visa or work permit in Netherlands/Italy?

It depends on the country you choose for your studies. In some European countries, your spouse can apply for a visa or work permit to accompany you, but the rules and eligibility differ:

- Netherlands: If you are on a student visa, your spouse typically cannot work. If you hold a work-related residence permit (like Highly Skilled Migrant), your spouse may have work rights.
- Belgium: Your spouse can apply for a single permit to work, but must meet specific criteria, including an employment contract.
- Italy, Spain, Latvia: Requirements for spouse work permits vary and may include additional licensing or registration for pharmacists.

Visa and work permit policies are subject to change. Your spouse may also need to meet local licensing requirements to work as a pharmacist.